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Analýza energetické bilance intravilánu města pomocí metod dálkového průzkumu Země
ŠOUREK, David
The energy balance of each urban area depends on the specifics of active surface and other complex phenomena. In general, compared to the surrounding rural landscape, dry and impermeable surfaces predominate in urban areas. Different types of built-up areas have various properties determining how distributed solar radiation is. Overall, it is through energy fluxes defined by the sensible heat flux, the latent heat flux of evaporation, and the soil heat flux. Besides, vegetation plays a significant role in the proportions of fluxes. Plants can effectively transform the obtained solar radiation and thus influence the microclimatic situation through the cooling effect of evapotranspiration or other ecosystem services. Nevertheless, the efficiency depends on the state of vegetation and other prevailing conditions (weather, etc.). As the study area was selected the town of Písek. The research took place on two summer and two autumn days using remote sensing and statistical evaluation. The results showed the growing dependence of the latent heat flux of evaporation in localities with a higher vegetation density and a sufficient water supply. High values of surface temperature and sensible heat flux occurred in built-up areas with predominant materials with a large specific heat capacity, i.e. concrete, asphalt, sheet metal, stone etc. These indicators thus defined some problematic types of built-up areas, especially in terms of surface overheating or of the occurrence of local heat islands. Specifically, it was the historic centre, industrial zones and shopping centres. A better microclimatic situation prevailed in the park with a water surface, suburbs and built-up areas of family houses.
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